In this, we will discuss the difference between Java 16 vs java 15 vs Java 14. Java is a programming language and also computing framework (the setting in which its code is execute) that was first introduced in 1995. Unlike JavaScript, which is primarily use for client-side scripting, Java is use to create fast, yet durable and safe server-side applications and websites.
Difference Java 16 vs java 15 vs Java 14
It is also use on billions of gadgets today, including smartphones, gaming consoles, mobile phones, data centers, and research supercomputers.
From its very initial release, several new versions have been release. It is quick and safe, but it is not a simple programming language to understand. Since version 9, Java has added new features every six months, making it difficult to keep up. The majority of the information on the web describes the differences between the last two Java versions. Then it’s useful to understand the distinctions between different versions. This will assist you in utilising the version as needed. Here, we will describe the differences between the most recent three Java versions, Java 14, Java 15, and also Java 16.
Below is Difference between Java 16 vs java 15 vs Java 14
Java 14
Java 14 was release in March 2020, with five major advancements.
1. Switch Expressions as a standard
Switch expressions, which were first incorporate as a preview in Java 12 and then enhanced in Java 13, have now been standardize.
2. Helpful NullPointerExceptions Enhancement
NullPointerExceptions may be difficult to locate. Java 14 goes a little forward toward rendering them more important. Eventually NullPointerExceptions describe exactly which variable was null.
3. Records (Preview)
Records are one of the preview functions of JDK 14. Its aim is to make the language less descriptive. There are now record types, which make it easier to avoid writing a lot of boilerplate in Java.
4. Pattern Matching for instanceof (Preview)
Another preview is on the keyword instanceof. During the optional tests, we can now specify a variable name. It has been improve to reduce the number of castings.
5. Z Garbage Collector (ZGC) (Experimental)
Eventually, with Java 14, the old garbage collector received an experimental upgrade. The Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS) Garbage Collector has been eliminate, and also the experimental Z Garbage Collector has been put in..
Java 15
Java 15 was launch on September 15, 2020 is release date of Java 15, and also it included four significant changes.
1. Text Blocks as Standard
Text blocks, which were first implemented as a preview in Java 13, have since become a language standard.
2. Sealed Classes (Preview)
Sealed classes are a boon to Java Object-Oriented Programming. In Java 15, two keywords are add as previews: sealed and also non-sealed.
The sealed keyword establishes a contract with a class or interface that specifies which subclasses may extend or execute it.
In brief, the non-sealed keyword violates this contract which requires subclasses to try to expand them.
3. Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
Java 15 also includes the ability to generate a key pair and sign it with modern cryptographic EdDSA. This functionality was formerly provided by libraries, but it is now a central feature of Java itself.
4. Hidden Classes
Ultimately, Java 15 has a function known as hidden classes. To summarise, these classes are intend to be use at the bytecode level by system developers through reflection to avoid non-framework specific use by other classes. Nevertheless, this is an advanced subject that, in my opinion, is outside the reach of a typical developer. You will find more detail in the JDK documentation.
Java 16
1. Socket Channels in the Unix Domain
You will also connect to Unix domain sockets (which are now enable by macOS and Windows 10+).
2. Foreign Linker API – Preview
JNI (Java Native Interface) replacement in the works, enabling you to connect to native libraries (think C).
3. Records & Pattern Matching
Both functionalities are now production-ready, and not labelled in preview anymore.
4. Sealed Classes
Sealed Classes (as shown above in Java 15) are still in preview.
What has changed in Java 16?
Together with thousands of functionality, reliability, and protection improvements, Java 16 provides users with seventeen major improvements (referred to as JDK Enhancement Proposals – JEPs), three incubator modules, and one preview function.
Few improvements are implement in Incubator modules, which are a method of placing non-final APIs and non-final resources in the hands of developers, allowing users to have input that will eventually boost the consistency of the Java framework.
Likewise, several improvements are add as Preview features, language or VM features of the Java SE Platform that are completely define, fully enforce, but only temporary. They are make accessible in JDK feature updates to elicit developer input base on real-world use, which could contribute to their permanent inclusion in a future version. This allows consumers to have timely reviews while also helping tool vendors to create momentum for the function until the majority of Java developers use it in development.
Java 14 vs java 13 Benchmark
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